6th World Surgery Congress October 23-25, 2017 Florida, USA

Oto denotes ears, rhino means nose, and larynx express as throat, referring to the larynx includes surgical intervention for surgeries and diseases in the head and neck regions. The surgeries to the ears, nose, and throat, in the head and neck region are to treat abnormal defects. To rectify hearing loss defects such procedures include stapedectomy, the removal of all or part of a bone in the middle ear. Tympanoplasty is reconstruction of the ear drum. Cochlear implants defined as implantation of a device to stimulate nerve ends within the inner portion of the ear to enable hearing.

Eye surgery, well known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye. Laser eye surgery or laser corneal surgery is the procedure performed by using of laser on surface of the eye. This is performed to treat the conditions like   hyper metopic, myopia, and astigmatism. Glaucoma means increased pressure in eye or nerves present the eye which leads to loss of vision and this is well known as increased intro-ocular pressure.

Ophthalmologist is a specialist in surgical eye problems. An ophthalmologist performs surgeries on eyes, and multiple disorders can be diagnosed by ophthalmologists. Canaloplasty is a technique performed by non-penetrating procedure to enhance drainage from the eyes. Anterior vasectomy is the removal of the front portion of the eye to decrease intra ocular pressure which is used for treating vitreous loss during cataract or corneal surgery.

Oral and  Maxillofacial surgery treating many diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the soft and hard tissues of the Maxillofacial and oral region. It is a major surgical specialty. Main Treatments performed on the craniomaxillofacial mouth, jaws, face, neck, skull, and include, Dental surgery. Surgery to insert osseointegrated  implants to treat dental problems and implants to treat maxillofacial region, Cosmetic surgery for the neck and head. Treatments performed on the craniomaxillofacial complex: mouth, jaws, face, neck, skull, and include-dental surgery, surgery of the neck and head, surgery for treating or Corrective jaw, surgical treatment or treatment of sleep disorders, maxillomandibular treatment, and genioplasty.

The Specialized endocrine surgery which has procedures performed on endocrine glands to achieve a hormonal or anti-hormonal effect in the body. This entails operating to remove a tumor which has grown on or within an endocrine gland. The approach of surgery through endoscopic method is called endonasal surgery. The endocrine surgery typically comprises for the thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, and adrenal glands. The most common endocrine surgeries will be removal of the thyroid, followed by parathyroid surgery.

Cardiothoracic surgery is the treatment involved in surgical treatment of thorax .Cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery specialties to treat the heart and lungs .Surgery which  is performed by opening of the patient's heart is called open heart surgery .Diseases treated by cardiothoracic surgeons is Coronary artery disease . Diseases like oesophagus infections are treated by General thoracic surgeons. Babies and children with holes in the heart chambers or abnormalities within the heart treated by Congenital heart surgeons. The major areas of cardiothoracic surgery are:  general thoracic surgery, congenital cardiac surgery, adult cardiac surgery. Children’s heart problems are treated by Paediatric cardiovascular surgeons.

A surgical procedure in a human or animal in which a body tissue or organ is transferred from a donor to a recipient or from one part of the body to another. Organs that can be transplanted are the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus. Types of transplant include: Xenograft and xenotransplantation,Xenograft and xenotransplantation . Because very young children do not have a well-developed immune system, it is possible for them to receive organs from otherwise incompatible donors. This is known as ABO-incompatible (ABOi) transplantation.

Chronic kidney disease is a major health concern in this country afflicting more than eight million Americans.Implants are mechanical body parts that are inserted by orthopaedic surgeons when the original parts have worn out, a process which is known as replacement surgery. Often they take the place of joints that have worn out due to age or disease.

Gynaecological surgery may frequently be performed for cosmetic elective or purposes. Common gyn procedures and surgeries Include: Uterine and Endometrial Biopsy. Women who have pelvic floor conditions are diagnosed by the team of Urogynecologists. Noncancerous gynaecologic disorders like heavy menstrual periods are diagnosed by Gynaecologists trained in minimally invasive gynaecologic surgery. Gynaecologic oncologist diagnosis and treatment of women's cancers, like uterine, cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that mainly focuses on women disorders during pregnancy, childbirth. Gynaecology is a broad field that focusing on the general health care of women.

Urology or genitourinary surgery is the medicine branch that deals with the medical diseases of the male and female urinary tract system. Endourology is the surgery specialisation which is performed by using of small cameras and instruments. Transurethral surgery is part of the Endourology. Paediatric urology deals with the urologic disorders in children. Disorders include Reconstructive urology and cryptorchidism is a field of urology that deals with the genitourinary tract which restores the structures of tract.

Neurourology concerns the conditions like   nervous system of the genitourinary system or disorders of urinary tract. A problem in children such as cryptorchidism, vesicoureteral reflux genitourinary and underdeveloped genitalia is treated by Paediatric urology surgeons. Andragogy is a medical field that focuses on male reproductive system such as erectile dysfunction, infertility and ejaculatory disorders.

Plastic surgery is a medical procedure to alter or restore the form of the body. Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed for correction of functional impairments due to injuries, burns and facial bone fractures or congenital formation, such as cleft palate, infectious diseases. The plastic surgery is usually performed to improve appearance. Cosmetic surgery is an optional procedure that is for improving a person’s signs of aging. Craniofacial surgery is divided into paediatric and adult craniofacial surgery.

In the practice of medicine, especially surgery, and dentistry, anaesthesia is an induced, temporary state with one or more of the following characteristics: analgesia, paralysis, amnesia, and unconsciousness. Intensive care medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and management of life-threatening conditions requiring sophisticated organ support and invasive monitoring.

Anaesthesia is generally safe, but complications with anaesthesia can occur. Local anaesthesia carries the lowest risk, and general anaesthesia the highest. Anaesthesia information management systems are rapidly increasing both their adoption and overall functionally. It mostly deals with the evaluation, disorders and functional monitoring of the patient. This includes functional monitoring of anaesthesia given patient before and after surgery.

Acute Care Surgery is an developing specialty with components- trauma, critical care and emergency surgery. Acute Care Surgery developed for the response to the avail emergency call coverage also for the trauma surgeons to increase trauma care. The Acute Care surgery team provides patient care, training and education of innovative research in burn, trauma,  and emergency surgery, critical care.

Acute care surgery is denoted as the assessment of urgent conditions and treatment of general surgical emergencies in adults like non trauma. These conditions include acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal ischemia, intra-abdominal sepsis, incarcerated hernias and perforated viscous.

Neurological surgery is the  specialty to  prevention, treatment, diagnosis,  and rehabilitation of disorders which effect on  the nervous system mainly on  the brain, Cerebrovascular system,  peripheral nerves, spinal cord, and extra-cranial. Neuroanesthesia is major division developed in endovascular surgery. Divisions of neurosurgery are: Endovascular neurosurgery, vascular neurosurgery. 

Some of these divisions of neurosurgery are stereotactic neurosurgery, vascular neurosurgery and, functional neurosurgery, epilepsy surgery, endovascular neurosurgery, the latter includes partial or total corpus callosotomy. The removal of part, lobes, or hemispheres of the brain is called hemispherectomy.

Orthopaedics is the specialty that focuses on musculoskeletal system. Knee surgery that means arthroscopy common operations performed by orthopaedic surgeons. Orthopaedic surgery where the musculoskeletal joint is replaced is called as Anthroplasty.

Orthopaedic Surgery focuses on mainly orthopaedic subspecialties: adult reconstruction and joint replacement, spine surgery, sports medicine, surgery of the wrist and hand, surgery of the elbow and shoulder, surgery of the ankle and foot, tumour surgery,  trauma Surgery, paediatric , and rehabilitation, physical medicine.

The major areas of researching field of surgery are surgical technology to develop new technology and approaches to improve the surgery procedures. Quality and Safety includes major research into the development of high quality healthcare, to decrease the side effects and to improve the quality. Healthcare providers, Government organisations, industry and educational institutions have relationship with the surgical technology team to collaborate their research into practical new innovative technology. Most promising advances in surgical technology are in the involvement of robotic assisted surgery.