Sessions/Tracks-
Surgery
Surgery is a branch of medical science concerned with disorders and injuries. Surgery is classified according to whether it is vital to life, necessary for continued health, or desirable for medical or personal reasons. Some of the key topics in surgery include Digestive Surgery, Emergency Surgery, Geriatrics, General Surgery, Hypno surgery, Surgical Instruments, Surgical Procedures and Inguinal Hernia Surgery.
General Surgery
General Surgery is a careful claim to fame that spotlights on stomach substance including throat, stomach, small digestive system, internal organ, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, informative supplement and bile conduits, and frequently the thyroid organ (contingent upon neighborhood referral designs). They additionally manage sicknesses including the skin, bosom, delicate tissue, injury, fringe vascular medical procedure and hernias and perform endoscopic strategies, for example, gastroscopy and colonoscopy.
Pediatric Surgery
Pediatric Surgery is the branch of surgery that involves the surgery of foetuses, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults. It provides the highest quality care for young patients requiring surgery. Pediatric surgeons perform inpatient and outpatient surgeries, as well as pre-surgical testing and patient consultations to determine the need for an operation. Subspecialties of pediatric surgery include: neonatal surgery and fetal surgery.
Surgical Oncology
Surgery is the ancient form of cancer treatment, and for most patients, part of the curative plan includes surgery. The goals of the surgical oncologist are to remove the cancer and an area of healthy tissue surrounding it, also known as a clear margin or clear excision, in order to avert the cancer from recurring in that area. Sometimes it is not possible to remove the whole tumour, and a surgery known as "debunking" is done to remove as much of the tumour as possible and to relieve indications such as airway obstruction, pain, or bleeding. However the influence of the surgical oncologist goes beyond what is done on the day of surgery itself. As part of the multidisciplinary care team, he or she provides expert opinion about biopsy techniques, optimal image guidance, the likelihood of achieving clear margins, and what role there is if any for surgical management of more advanced disease.
Surgical Pathology
Surgical pathology is the investigation of tissues expelled from living patients amid surgery to analyze an illness and decide a treatment arrangement. It is responsible for the histological diagnosis of biopsies and surgical resections of major organ systems regularly; the surgical pathologist gives discussion administrations in a wide assortment of organ indications and subspecialties.
Acute Care Surgery
Acute Care Surgery includes emergency surgical treatments, trauma and critical care. Some of the key topics include Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Ambulatory Surgery, Burn Surgery, Pediatric Acute Care, Surgical Critical Care, Surgical Nursing and Trauma and Emergency Surgery.
Advancements in Surgery
Advancements in Surgery include the current trends, developments and latest techniques in surgical process and treatment. Some of the key topics include Angioplasty Surgeries, Laparoscopic Surgery or Minimally Invasive Surgery, Never-Ending Challenges of Anesthesia and Thyroid Surgery, Robotic, Laser and Microsurgery and Surgery and Surgical Technology.
Vascular Surgery
Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty in which diseases of the vascular system, or arteries, veins and lymphatic circulation, are managed by medical therapy, minimally-invasive catheter procedures, and surgical reconstruction. The specialty evolved from general and cardiac surgery, and includes treatment of the body's other major and essential veins and arteries. Open surgery techniques, as well as endovascular techniques are used to treat vascular diseases. The vascular surgeon is trained in the diagnosis and management of diseases affecting all parts of the vascular system excluding the coronaries and intracranial vasculature.
Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care
Anesthesiology is a medical procedure to lock the senses of the patient temporarily. It includes General anesthesia- Analgesia, Protection, Loss of consciousness and Muscle relaxation; Local anesthesia; Locoregional anesthesia. Some of the key topics include Anesthesia Complications, Anesthesia in Vaccines, Conduction or Block Anesthesia, Dental or Oral Anesthesiology, Neuro-anesthesia and Cardiac Anesthesia, Pediatric Anesthesia, Regional Anesthesia and Acute pain, Topical Anesthesia.
Podiatric Surgery
Podiatric Surgery is a branch of medicine which deals with diagnosis and surgical treatment of foot and ankle. Some of the key topics include Bunion Surgery, Fusions, Hammer Toe Surgery, Heel Surgery, Metatarsal Surgery, Neuroma Surgery and Tendon Surgery
Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric Surgery is a surgical procedure or treatment on stomach to reduce the excessive weight of individuals. Some of the key topics include Gastric Bypass Surgery, Gastric Sleeve Surgery and Weight Loss Surgery.
Breast Surgery
Breast Surgery is a medical process which includes the surgery of breast and prevention of diseases like breast cancer. Some of the key topics include Breast Aesthetics and Reconstruction, Breast Lift Surgery, Breast-Conserving Surgery and Surgical Breast Biopsy.
Cardiac Surgery
Cardiac Surgery is a medical process which includes the surgery of heart to treat the conditions of cardiac diseases. Some of the key topics include Modern Beating-Heart Surgery, Open Heart Surgery, Pediatric cardiovascular surgery, Risks of Cardiac Surgery, Early Approaches to Heart Malformations, Angioplasty and Bypass surgery.
Colorectal Surgery
Colorectal surgery is a division of surgery, dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. The field is also known as proctology, but the latter term is now used infrequently within medicine, and is most often employed to identify practices relating to the anus and rectum in particular. It repairs injury to the colon, rectum, and anus over a variety of procedures that may have little or great long-term consequence to the patient. It may also involve surgery to the pelvic floor to repair hernias. Physicians specializing in this field of medicine are called colorectal surgeons or proctologists.
Dermatologic & Cosmetic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery is a deliberative chosen surgery that is performed on normal parts of the body the only intention behind this is promoting beauty, appearance, and unwanted aging signs. Most common surgeries being breast augmentation, liposuction, breast reduction, eyelid surgery, abdominoplasty, rhinoplasty or facelift like many are surgical and some of the non-surgical include Botox, laser hair removal. Many of these come with side effects like nerve-damaging, hematoma, and in some cases organ damages.
Emergency Surgery
Emergency Surgery is crucial for acute conditions. These emergencies include trauma, diseases, acute life threats which needed to be addressed as the next second the patient gets admitted. The skills required in emergency medicine include all key branches of medicine and needed to be performed within no time.
Microsurgery
Otolaryngologists led a path by the use of microsurgery, which made physicians from different branches all over the world came up with their approaches and succeeded. Modern problems require modern solutions with an aim to perform surgery accurately the physician needs this microsurgical equipment. Future innovations and developments in the medical field with the use of modern technology are always appreciated.
Endocrine Surgery
As the endocrine glands are formed of a network of glands, secrete hormones and control different body functions, metabolism, and growth. The network is long so the surgery focuses on the Pituitary Gland, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pineal Gland, Pancreas, Hypothalamus, Ovaries, Testes, Thyroid. Some of the glands are needed to be removed depending upon the emergency conditions & disease linked with it.
Craniofacial Surgery & Plastic Surgery
This surgery deals with the inbuilt and acquired deformities present in the neck, head, jaws, face, and related structures. This is totally different from cosmetics most of the anatomy issues are treated includes uplifting of the jaw bone, cheekbones, providing proper symmetry and ideal look to the skull & soft tissues. Some of the craniofacial surgeries also deal with Apert’s and Crouzon syndrome, inherited ear anomalies. Plastic Surgery deals with proper reconstruction, reconditioning and providing an ideal look to the face which includes microsurgery, hand surgery, & treatment of burns.
Gastroenterological Surgery
Surgeons in these field focus from mouth to excretory parts and along with alimentary canal. These were divided into two parts upper and lower GI. Upper includes the Pancreaticoduodenectomy, Esophagectomy, Liver resection some of the surgeons exclusively perform these surgeries. Lower GI includes the surgery of small& large intestine and some of the cancers associated with the colon, rectum, and disorders arise in them.
Gender Confirmation Surgery
Certain standards and laws were reinforced for sex reassignment surgery. Before undergoing surgery patient is evaluated and analyzes the desire in having this surgery. Facial feminization surgery, Augmentation mammoplasty, metoidioplasty, Hysterectomy, scrotoplasty, etc. Patient needs to follow a lifelong course for hormone replacement therapy.
Hand Surgery
Hand surgery generally involves the treatment of hand or upper extremity. Many of the complex situations includes rheumatoid deformities, congenital defects can be treated. It also includes rejoining of amputated limbs, microsurgery also helps in performing operations include rejoining of bones, soft tissues and enhancing the function of the paralyzed upper extremity.
Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery
This is the surgery with minimum to moderate pain and due to smaller incisions, it outweighs the open surgery process in some areas. The laparoscopic surgery includes abdominal and pelvic cavities, whereas keyhole surgery implies to the chest and thoracic areas. Whereas endoscopic surgery too known for its minimally invasive surgery, which emphasizes the diagnosis and treatments can be performed with reduced body cavity invasion. endoscopy is more widespread and not particular to an organ/body location.
Neuro Surgery
Neurosurgery deals with disease, trauma, disorders, of the CNS in the body. The neurosurgeon is trained extensively to understand the risks arises in treating the complex parts of the body. Most of the complications range from Alzheimer’s to trigeminal neuralgia every disorder will be covered in neurosurgery. Due to the advancements in modern technology use of microsurgery, computer-assisted surgery, stereotactic navigation and many more are widely used.
Robotic Surgery
Robotic surgery/ Robotic-assisted surgery is trying to overcome the limitations of normal surgeries where the surgeon doesn’t risk to go. Arthrobot was the first surgical robot ever used in medical history. It helps in the open surgery where the physicians have the utmost control over the patient to focus. Robotic surgeries are criticized for its failures in some branches of medicine where moderate situations got worse due to nerve damage, visceral damage, and permanent injury. It is not affordable.
Thoracic Surgery
Thoracic surgery implies to operations in the chest includes heart, esophagus & lungs. Mainly specialized thoracic surgeons treat lungs and esophageal problems, while cardiac surgeons opt for the heart. There are certain procedures like pleurectomy which involves the removal of the inner lining of the chest cavity, Wedge resection involves the removal of tissues associated with cancer, pneumonectomy involves the removal of lung and lymph nodes, etc. Robotic thoracic surgery, Video-assisted surgery is the minimally invasive procedures used in the removal of a tumor.
Burn Surgery
Burn surgery is of two types acute and reconstructive burns. Acute refers to the burn which occurs immediately which is needed to treated by trauma surgeons. Some critical situations even require plastic surgery. Reconstructive surgery deals with the burns with the goal of improving the damaged functions and cosmetic appearance of burn scars. Surgery is chosen depending upon the severity of burns some require hospitalization and some can be treated with outpatient options.
Trauma Surgery
Trauma surgery is the much-demanded specialization of surgery which deals with the injuries which are life-threatening caused by some impact forces. The patient needs to be treated as fast as possible. With the increase in the severity of the injury right decisions are necessary for comparing the risk vs benefit ratio. This surgery requires a wide range of parameters including age, prehistory or present conditions, & difficulties in breathing, blood circulation to an organ everything is considered. The ultimate aim of the surgeon is to save the patient. In needed situations, a large number of surgeons need to address the surgery like orthopedic, cardiothoracic, neuro & plastic surgeons.
Orthopaedic Surgery
The session of orthopaedic surgery includes procedures like orthopedic sports medicine, end joint reconstruction, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, congenital disorders, Knee replacements, Modern orthopedic surgery and musculoskeletal research, Pain Management, Orthopedic Trauma, Musculoskeletal oncology, Pediatric Orthopedics, arthroscopy Carpal tunnel, chondroplasty Lumbar spinal fusion anterior cruciate, ligament reconstruction and many more etc.
Otorinolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology is a subspecialty in surgery. It deals with the problems in the head, nose, ear, throat. It includes many of the procedures like nasal obstruction, adenoidectomy, ear surgery, hearing loss, skull base surgery & many of the tumours associated in these regions. Recent advances aids in the refinement of endoscopic sinus surgery, prevention of hearing loss. Endoscopy surgeries are widely practiced in this specialty.
Ocular Surgery
Generally performed by an ophthalmologist on the eye and adnexa. It includes many procedures like Laser eye surgery, Glaucoma surgery, Refractive surgery, Corneal surgery, Cataract surgery, Vitreoretinal surgery, orbital and other oculoplastic surgery. The main aim of ocular surgery involves the accurate vision.
C-section
Caesarean delivery is a surgery used to deliver babies it is recommended when delivery via vaginal is complicated. There are certain guidelines associated in performing this surgery, no c- section should be implemented on women whose pregnancy is less than 39 weeks. There are some effects like Amniotic fluid embolism and Postpartum bleeding and breathing problems in babies can occur. The healing process may take from 6- 7 weeks upon caesarean delivery.
Gynecology Surgery
This surgery refers to the treatment in the female reproductive system. Infertility, incontinence, benign conditions treatment of cancers, cosmetic purposes are some of the conditions can be treated by surgery. A gynecologist is a surgeon who looks after all this procedure.
Complex spine Surgery
This surgery is the fusion of bone with the vertebrae to give steady position. It is one of the complex and requires surgeon key focus on it, generally, it takes around 6- 19 hours depending upon the complexity. The process is achieved by mounting screws, rods in providing stability to the spine which later on heals. Some of the potential risks include urinary tract infections, vein thrombosis and embolism.
TIPS
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stunt this procedure decreases the increase of blood pressure within the veins and variceal bleeding. With the placement of the stent into the vein of the liver the stent later expands with a small balloon which forms a channel and bypasses the liver. Complications like varices, portal hypertension ascites & hepatic hydrothorax will be improved by this surgery.
Dental Surgery
Surgery which involves in the modification of dentition. It mainly deals with the surgery of teeth, gums, jawbones. Certain procedures include root canal treatment, prosthodontics, periodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery. Most of the prosthodontics uses biocompatible materials like ceramic, gold, titanium which are used in implants, veneers, bridges etc.
Genito Urinary Surgery
This session includes genitourinary disorders, management of medical conditions, such as urinary-tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence. Also include minimally invasive robotic and laparoscopic surgery, laser-assisted surgeries, and other scope-guided procedures etc.
Radiology Surgery
The branch of medical field which analyses and helps in identifying diseases in the body with the help of medical imaging. Interventional radiologists are key people in this speciality. This session covers all the important applications in the field of Radiology surgery.
Abdominal Surgery
Abdominal surgery in generally covers surgical procedures that involve opening the abdomen. operation of each abdominal organ including the stomach, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen and appendicitis.
Fetal Surgery
Fetal surgery also known as fetal reconstructive surgery. Fetal surgery is a growing branch of maternal-fetal medicine that covers any of a broad range of surgical techniques that are used to treat birth defects in fetuses who are still in the pregnant uterus. Maternal–fetal medicine (MFM), also known as perinatology, is a branch of medicine that focuses on managing health concerns of the mother and fetus prior to, during, and shortly after pregnancy.
Pancreatectomy
Pancreatectomy is an operation to remove the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder and the bile duct. These procedures are used in the management of several conditions involving the pancreas, such as benign pancreatic tumors, pancreatic cancer, and pancreatitis.
Surgical Techniques
Surgical Techniques deals with diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease or injury by using different surgical instrument and methods. Different techniques include Laser surgery, Cryosurgery, Electrosurgery and Radiofrequency ablation.
Current Problems in Surgery
Problems in pre & post-surgery is showing impact on patients regardless of physicians operated. There should be an interaction between physician and patients about the consequences and patient need to be prepared for it. Lack of proper knowledge about identifying issue concerned with the patient safety & medical errors are becoming a cause of number of deaths rather than the diseases.